![]() ![]() It is the first analysis of the effects of both stimulants and A2As in preschool children. Results of this ADHD/A2A study are published in JAMA. Just as important, the study shows that these medications have fewer side effects than stimulants, like methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse), which are often the first line of ADHD treatment.Ī2As were initially used to regulate blood pressure in adults but then gained FDA approval to treat ADHD in school-aged children after clinical trials found they could improve attention and focus and reduce ADHD symptoms. But what if symptoms linger, or are so severe that they interfere with a child’s social, emotional, and educational development?Ī study from Boston Children’s Hospital finds that starting drug treatment with alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (A2As), such as guanfacine and clonidine, can be effective in reducing ADHD symptoms in preschool-age children. For these children, behavioral interventions intended to redirect a child or otherwise replace negative behaviors with positive ones are the first line of treatment. (Image: Adobe Stock/Illustration: Sebastian Stankiewicz, Boston Children's)Ībout 2.4 percent of preschool-age children have an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. All rights reserved.A study comparing two types of ADHD medications in preschool-age children shows alpha-2-adrenergic agonists like guanfacine and clonidine are effective in reducing ADHD symptoms but with a lower rate of side effects. This review summarizes available pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents, identifies current issues in research and evidence gaps, and provides an overview of ongoing efforts to develop new medications for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents by means of a systematic cross-sectional analysis of the clinical trials registry Keywords:Īmphetamines Atomoxetine Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Clonidine Guanfacine Methylphenidate Psychopharmacology.Ĭopyright © 2021 The Author(s). While available pharmacological treatment options for ADHD show relatively large effect sizes (in short-term trials) and overall good tolerability, there is still a need for improvement of current pharmacotherapeutic strategies and for the development of novel medications. Available medications include stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine). Current clinical guidelines recommend an individualized multimodal treatment approach including psychoeducation, pharmacological interventions, and non-pharmacological interventions. Overall, ADHD is associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, and insufficient treatment is linked to adverse long-term outcomes. ![]() Patients show a high interindividual and intraindividual variability of symptoms, with executive deficits in several cognitive domains. The disorder follows a multifactorial etiology and shows a high heritability. Its prevalence lies at approximately 5% in children and adolescents and at approximately 2.5% in adults. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, causing functional impairment. ![]()
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